Posted on

Why do Gums Bleed?

Table of Contents

 

What Exactly Are Bleeding Gums?

 

At its core, bleeding gums refer to the presence of blood in your gum tissue, usually when you brush, floss, or even bite into something firm like an apple. Healthy gums shouldn’t bleed, so even a little pink in the sink is worth paying attention to. While a single occurrence isn’t alarming, frequent bleeding can indicate inflammation, irritation, or something more serious.

 

ALSO KNOW: Here’s What No One Tells You About Pyorrhea Treatment

 

What Causes Bleeding Gums?

 

There’s no single reason why gums start bleeding, often, it’s a mix of factors. Here are the most common culprits:

 

1. Gingivitis- The First Warning Sign

 

Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease, caused by plaque buildup along the gumline. Symptoms include redness, swelling, and bleeding when brushing or flossing. The good news? It’s reversible with proper oral care. But if ignored, it can progress into something far worse- periodontitis.

 

2. Periodontitis- When Things Get Serious

 

Left untreated, gingivitis can escalate to periodontitis, a severe infection that damages the gums and can lead to tooth loss. At this stage, bleeding gums become more persistent, and bad breath, gum recession, and even loose teeth might follow.

 

3. Brushing Too Hard

 

It’s easy to think that brushing harder means cleaner teeth, but aggressive brushing can damage gum tissue and lead to bleeding. Use a soft-bristled brush and gentle, circular motions instead.

 

4. Flossing Mishaps

 

If you’re new to flossing or doing it too vigorously, you might see some bleeding. With consistent and gentle flossing, your gums should toughen up and the bleeding should subside.

5. Medications That Make Things Worse

 

Certain medications, like blood thinners, can make gums more prone to bleeding. If you’ve recently started a new prescription and notice more bleeding, it’s worth discussing with your doctor.

 

6. Vitamin Deficiencies (A.K.A. The Nutrition Connection)

 

Your gums need proper nutrition, too! Lack of Vitamin C (important for collagen production) and Vitamin K (which helps with blood clotting) can lead to gum bleeding. If your diet is mostly processed foods, it might be time for a nutritional upgrade.

 

7. Hormonal Changes (Blame It on the Hormones!)

 

Pregnancy, menopause, and even menstruation can make gums more sensitive due to hormonal shifts. This is why some women experience more bleeding during these periods.

 

8. Smoking

 

Tobacco use weakens the immune system and reduces blood flow to the gums, making infections more likely and healing much slower. If you smoke, your gums are at a higher risk of bleeding and overall deterioration.

 

9. Stress and Its Sneaky Effects

 

You might not associate stress with oral health, but chronic stress weakens your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off gum infections. Plus, stress can lead to teeth grinding, which further irritates the gums.

How to Stop Bleeding Gums: Practical Solutions

 

Now that we know what causes it, let’s talk about what you can do to stop the bleeding and keep your gums healthy:

 

1. Upgrade Your Oral Hygiene Routine

 

Switch to a soft-bristled toothbrush. Hard bristles can be too harsh. A soft-bristled brush cleans just as effectively without damaging the gums.

 

2. Use an Antibacterial Mouthwash

 

A good mouthwash can help kill bacteria that contribute to gum inflammation. 

 

3. Try a Saltwater Rinse

 

Saltwater rinses can soothe inflammation and reduce bacteria. Mix half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water and swish for about 30 seconds.

4. Ice It Down

 

If your gums are swollen and bleeding, applying a cold compress to the outside of your cheek can help reduce inflammation and slow the bleeding.

 

5. Eat for Gum Health

 

Load Up on Vitamin C – Citrus fruits, bell peppers, and leafy greens help strengthen gum tissue.

Increase Your Vitamin K Intake – Found in spinach, kale, and broccoli, it helps with blood clotting.

Stay Hydrated – Water helps wash away bacteria and food particles.

 

6. Quit Smoking

 

This one is a game-changer. If you smoke, cutting back or quitting altogether can drastically improve your gum health.

 

7. Reduce Stress

 

Incorporate stress-relief activities like exercise, meditation, or deep breathing to keep your immune system strong and your gums resilient.

 

8. Visit Your Dentist Regularly

 

If your gums bleed frequently, don’t wait until it’s too late. A professional cleaning can remove plaque and tartar buildup that brushing alone can’t tackle.

When to See a Dentist

 

If bleeding gums persist for more than a week despite improving your oral hygiene, it’s time for a professional check-up. Seek immediate dental care if you notice:

  • Gums that are constantly swollen or painful
  • Bad breath that won’t go away
  • Receding gums
  • Loose teeth or pus around the gums

These could indicate advanced gum disease or another underlying health issue that requires treatment.

 

Final Thoughts

 

Bleeding gums may start as a minor issue, but if left unchecked, they can lead to serious dental and even systemic health problems.

 

By maintaining good oral hygiene, eating the right nutrients, managing stress, and seeing your dentist regularly, you can ensure that your gums stay strong, healthy, and free from bleeding.

 

A little care today can save you from major dental woes tomorrow. So, next time you see a bit of red in the sink, don’t ignore it, your gums are trying to tell you something!

 

Written by DR. PUNEET KATHURIA B.D.S., M.D.S., F.I.C.O.I. (USA)

Posted on

How To Fix a Chipped Tooth

Table of Contents

A chipped tooth can be an unpleasant surprise—one minute you’re biting into a crisp apple, the next, you’re running your tongue over a sharp, uneven edge. While some chips are purely cosmetic, others can cause pain, sensitivity, and even long-term dental complications if left untreated.

So, what exactly causes a chipped tooth, and how do you fix it? More importantly, how can you prevent it from happening in the first place? Let’s dive into everything you need to know.

What is a Chipped Tooth?

A chipped tooth occurs when a small (or large) piece of enamel, the hard outer layer of the tooth, breaks away. This can leave behind a rough or jagged surface, exposing the softer dentin beneath. In severe cases, the chip can even reach the inner pulp, which houses nerves and blood vessels, leading to pain and possible infection.

Chipped teeth range in severity:

  • Minor Chips – Small enamel fractures that don’t cause pain but may affect the look of your smile.
  • Moderate Chips – Larger pieces breaking off, potentially leading to sensitivity and discomfort.
  • Severe Chips or Fractures – Chips that expose the nerve, causing pain and requiring immediate treatment.

 

ALSO READ: cracked teeth treatment

Why Do Teeth Chip?

Your teeth are strong—stronger than bone, in fact—but they’re not invincible. Here are some of the most common culprits behind chipped teeth:

  • Accidents and Trauma – Slipping on ice, getting hit in the face during sports, or even an unexpected fall can lead to a chipped tooth. This is why athletes (especially those playing contact sports) are often advised to wear mouth guards.
  • Biting Hard Foods or Objects – That innocent-looking popcorn kernel? A hidden pit in your olive? Biting down on hard foods like ice, hard candy, or bones can put excessive pressure on your teeth, leading to fractures.
  • Teeth Grinding (Bruxism) – Grinding your teeth at night or clenching your jaw due to stress weakens enamel over time. Eventually, the constant pressure can cause small cracks that lead to chipping.
  • Tooth Decay and Weak Enamel – Cavities and acid erosion (often caused by sugary foods, acidic drinks, or even acid reflux) can weaken tooth enamel. When enamel is compromised, even normal chewing can lead to chips.
  • Aging and Natural Wear – Over the years, our teeth go through a lot—constant chewing, exposure to different temperatures, and daily brushing. Naturally, they wear down, making them more prone to chips, especially after the age of 50.

What to Do If You Chip a Tooth?

If you’ve chipped a tooth, don’t panic. Here’s what to do next:

  • Rinse Your Mouth – Use warm water to clean the area and remove any debris.
  • Check for Pain or Sensitivity – If you feel pain or sensitivity, the chip may have reached the dentin or pulp.
  • Apply a Cold Compress – If there’s swelling, use an ice pack on the outside of your cheek.
  • Save the Broken Piece (If Possible) – In some cases, a dentist may be able to reattach it.
  • Use Dental Wax (Temporary Fix) – If the chip is sharp, covering it with dental wax can prevent irritation until you see a dentist.
  • Avoid Hard Foods – Stick to soft foods to prevent further damage.

Treatment Options for a Chipped Tooth

Depending on the severity and location of the chip, several treatment options are available:

  • Dental Bonding – A tooth-colored resin is applied to the chipped area.
    The resin is shaped, smoothed, and hardened with a special light.
    This is a quick, painless, and cost-effective solution that lasts several years.
    Best for: Minor cosmetic fixes, front teeth with small chips.
  • Veneers – A custom-made, thin porcelain shell is bonded to the front of the tooth.
    Veneers provide a flawless, natural look.
    They require minimal tooth reshaping and can last 10–15 years.
    Best for: People looking for both repair and a smile upgrade.
  • Dental Crowns – A cap (crown) is placed over the remaining tooth to restore its shape and strength.
    Crowns can be made from porcelain, ceramic, or metal.
    They are long-lasting and protect the tooth from further damage.
    Best for: Large chips, weak teeth, or teeth with existing fillings.
  • Root Canal and Crown – If the chip reaches the pulp (inner part of the tooth), a root canal is needed to remove infected tissue.
    After the root canal, a crown is placed over the tooth to protect and restore it.
    Best for: Deep chips causing pain, infection, or nerve exposure.
  • Tooth Extraction – If the tooth is severely damaged and cannot be saved, extraction may be necessary.
    A dental implant or bridge can be used to replace the missing tooth.
    Best for: Extensive fractures that compromise the entire tooth structure.

How to Prevent Chipped Teeth?

Prevention is always better than cure. Here’s how to protect your teeth:

  • Avoid Biting Hard Objects – No chewing on ice, pen caps, or fingernails!
  • Wear a Mouth Guard – If you grind your teeth at night or play sports, a custom mouthguard is a wise investment.
  • Practice Good Oral Hygiene – Strong enamel is your best defense, so brush with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily.
  • Visit the Dentist Regularly – Routine check-ups help catch early signs of enamel wear or weak teeth.
  • Eat a Tooth-Friendly Diet – Calcium-rich foods (like dairy and leafy greens) and vitamin D help strengthen enamel.

Final Thoughts

A chipped tooth is more than just a cosmetic issue, it can lead to discomfort, sensitivity, and even long-term dental problems if ignored. The good news? Modern dentistry offers multiple solutions, from simple bonding to full crowns, ensuring your smile stays strong and healthy.

So, if you ever find yourself with a chipped tooth, don’t wait! Consult a dentist, explore your treatment options, and take steps to protect your teeth moving forward. After all, your smile is worth it!

Written by DR. PUNEET KATHURIA B.D.S., M.D.S., F.I.C.O.I. (USA)

Posted on

Turkey Teeth Trend: A Brilliant Smile or a Risky Gamble?

In a world obsessed with Instagram-perfect smiles, the “Turkey Teeth” trend has exploded in popularity. Social media feeds are flooded with dazzling white, perfectly aligned teeth, often achieved through a trip to Turkey for budget-friendly cosmetic dentistry. But beneath the glossy veneers, is this trend truly the shortcut to dental perfection, or is it a high-stakes gamble that could cost more than just money?

Table of Contents

  1. What Exactly Are “Turkey Teeth”?
  2. The Celebrity Effect: Who’s Getting Turkey Teeth?
  3. The Hidden Risks: What They Don’t Tell You
    1. The Irreversible Damage
    2. The One-Size-Fits-All Approach
    3. Quality and Hygiene Standards Vary
    4. The Aftercare Dilemma
    5. The “Cheap” Cost Isn’t Always Cheap
  4. Should You Take the Risk?
  5. Final Verdict: Beauty or Burden?

What Exactly Are “Turkey Teeth”?

The term “Turkey Teeth” refers to the rising phenomenon of people flying to Turkey to undergo major dental work, most commonly full sets of veneers or crowns. Turkey has become a global hotspot for dental tourism, offering procedures at a fraction of the cost compared to the UK, US, or other Western countries.

The appeal is obvious- Clinics in Turkey advertise comprehensive smile makeover packages, including luxury accommodations, airport transfers, and a brand-new set of teeth—all for a price that seems too good to pass up. But while the upfront costs might be lower, the long-term price, both financially and medically, can sometimes be much steeper.

The Celebrity Effect: Who’s Getting Turkey Teeth?

Like many beauty trends, this one has been fueled by celebrity influence. High-profile figures have openly flaunted their newly enhanced smiles, making it seem like a no-brainer investment.

Katie Price has been candid about her experience with getting veneers in Turkey, even documenting the process. However, she has also spoken about the pain and potential drawbacks, cautioning others to think twice before taking the plunge.

Jack Fincham, from Love Island, underwent similar dental work but later expressed concerns about the long-term impact on his natural teeth.

Joe Swash, the British actor and presenter, has also joined the trend, flaunting a dramatically transformed smile.

For every celebrity endorsement, though, there are countless untold stories of people who regret their decision.

ALSO READ: Are Turkey Teeth a Good Idea?

The Hidden Risks: What They Don’t Tell You

While a perfect smile is tempting, the procedure isn’t as straightforward as it seems. There are several potential downsides that patients don’t always consider before hopping on a plane:

1. The Irreversible Damage

Unlike traditional veneers, where only a thin layer of enamel is shaved off, many Turkish clinics opt for full crowns—meaning your natural teeth are filed down to small pegs. Once this is done, there’s no going back. These teeth will always require crowns or veneers for the rest of your life.

2. The One-Size-Fits-All Approach

Many patients report that their new teeth look unnaturally large, too white, or feel bulky. That’s because some clinics use a standardized approach rather than personalising the veneers or crowns to each patient’s natural tooth structure.

3. Quality and Hygiene Standards Vary

Turkey has many highly skilled dentists and top-tier clinics, but it also has its fair share of substandard practices. Not every clinic follows the same hygiene protocols, and some patients end up with ill-fitting crowns, infections, or botched work that requires expensive corrective procedures.

4. The Aftercare Dilemma

Complications can arise months or even years after the procedure, and getting follow-up care can be a challenge. Many local dentists are reluctant to fix work done abroad, leaving patients stranded with dental issues that can be painful and costly to address.

5. The “Cheap” Cost Isn’t Always Cheap

What starts as a seemingly affordable procedure can quickly turn into a financial burden. If problems arise, corrective treatments back home can be significantly more expensive, wiping out any initial savings and causing stress in the process.

Should You Take the Risk?

If you’re considering cosmetic dental work abroad, here’s how to make a more informed decision:

  1. Do Thorough Research – Not all clinics are created equal. Look for verified reviews, ask about hygiene standards, and check the credentials of the dentists.
  2. Understand the Procedure – Know exactly what is being done to your teeth. Are you getting veneers or crowns? How much enamel will be removed?
  3. Plan for Aftercare – Find out if your local dentist is willing to handle follow-up care in case of complications.
  4. Think Long-Term – Your teeth need to last a lifetime. A rushed decision could mean expensive and painful consequences down the road.

Final Verdict: Beauty or Burden?

There’s no denying that a flawless, white smile can be a confidence booster. But when it comes to permanent dental work, quick fixes can sometimes lead to long-term regrets. The Turkey Teeth trend might work for some, but for others, it can be a cautionary tale of prioritizing aesthetics over oral health.

Before you book that flight, ask yourself: Is a picture-perfect smile worth the gamble?

Written by DR. PUNEET KATHURIA B.D.S., M.D.S., F.I.C.O.I. (USA)

Posted on

How To Fill Gap Between Teeth

How To Fill Gap Between Teeth

Table of Contents


Gaps between teeth, clinically known as diastemas, can be a source of self-consciousness for many individuals. Fortunately, modern dentistry offers a variety of solutions to address this concern, each personalized to the specific needs and preferences of the patient.

 

Why does the gap come between teeth?

Gaps between teeth, also known as diastemas, can occur for several reasons. Some are genetic, while others result from habits or dental conditions. Here are some common causes:

ALSO READ: how to fill gap between teeth

 

1. Natural Jaw and Teeth Proportions

Sometimes, the size of your teeth and jawbone don’t match up. If your teeth are too small compared to the jaw, gaps may naturally form. This is often inherited, meaning if your parents have gaps, you might too.

 

2. Oversized Labial Frenum

The labial frenum is the soft tissue that connects your upper lip to the gum above your front teeth. If this tissue is too thick or extends too far down, it can push the front teeth apart, creating a gap.

 

3. Missing or Small Teeth

When a tooth is missing, especially a lateral incisor (the small teeth next to your two front teeth), the neighboring teeth may shift, creating a space. Similarly, if certain teeth are naturally smaller than usual (a condition called microdontia), gaps can appear.

 

4. Habits and Childhood Behaviors

Thumb Sucking: Prolonged thumb sucking, especially beyond toddler years, can put pressure on the front teeth, pushing them forward and causing gaps.

Tongue Thrusting: Some people have a habit of pressing their tongue against their teeth when swallowing. Over time, this repeated force can push teeth apart.

 

5. Gum Disease (Periodontitis)

Advanced gum disease can cause bone loss around the teeth. As the bone weakens, teeth may shift, creating new gaps or widening existing ones.

 

6. Normal Growth and Development

In children, gaps are common during the mixed dentition phase (when baby teeth are falling out and permanent teeth are coming in). Often, these gaps close naturally as more permanent teeth erupt.

 

7. Tooth Extraction Without Replacement

If a tooth is removed and not replaced with an implant or bridge, the surrounding teeth may shift over time, leading to gaps.

 

8. Genetic or Medical Conditions

Certain conditions, such as Ectodermal Dysplasia or Down Syndrome, can lead to irregular tooth development, resulting in gaps.

 

9. Aging

As we age, our teeth tend to shift naturally, sometimes leading to the formation of small gaps over time.

 

1. Orthodontic Solutions- Aligning for Aesthetics and Function

Orthodontic treatments are a common and proven method for closing gaps, especially when multiple spaces or misalignments are present.

Traditional Braces– Utilizing metal brackets and wires, braces apply continuous pressure to move teeth into desired positions. This method is highly recommended for comprehensive adjustments.

Clear Aligners– Brands these days offer a series of transparent, removable trays that gradually shift teeth. They are less noticeable and can be more convenient for daily activities.

 

2. Cosmetic Approaches- Quick Adjustments for Minor Gaps

For smaller gaps or when immediate aesthetic improvement is desired, cosmetic dentistry provides several options:

Dental Bonding– A tooth-colored resin is applied and shaped to fill the gap, then hardened with a special light. This procedure is minimally invasive and can often be completed in a single visit.

Porcelain Veneers– Thin shells of porcelain are custom-made and bonded to the front surface of the teeth, providing a natural appearance. While more durable and stain-resistant than bonding, veneers require some enamel removal and are a more permanent solution.

 

3. Surgical Interventions- Addressing Anatomical Causes

In cases where a physical barrier, such as an oversized labial frenum (the tissue connecting the upper lip to the gums), causes the gap, surgical options may be considered:

Frenectomy- This minor surgical procedure involves removing or reshaping the frenum to allow the teeth to move closer together. Post-surgery, orthodontic or cosmetic treatments may be necessary to close the gap completely.

 

4. Restorative Solutions- Replacing Missing Teeth

If the gap results from a missing tooth, restorative dentistry offers solutions to fill the space:

Dental Implants: A titanium post is surgically placed into the jawbone, serving as a root for a replacement tooth. Implants are durable and function like natural teeth.

Dental Bridges: This involves creating a false tooth (or teeth) held in place by crowns on adjacent teeth. Bridges are a less invasive alternative to implants but may require altering neighboring teeth.

 

Considerations and Precautions

Before deciding on a treatment, it’s essential to consult with a qualified dental professional to assess the cause of the gap and determine the most appropriate solution. Factors such as oral health, the size and location of the gap, and personal preferences will influence the treatment choice.

Additionally, while cosmetic procedures like veneers can offer quick fixes, they are not without risks. There have been instances where individuals sought veneers from unlicensed practitioners, leading to severe complications. It’s necessary to ensure that any dental procedure is performed by a licensed and experienced professional to avoid adverse outcomes.

 

Conclusion

Various methods are available to address gaps between teeth, ranging from orthodontic treatments to cosmetic and restorative procedures. A thorough evaluation by a dental professional will help choose the best course of action to achieve a healthy, confident smile.

 

Written by DR. PUNEET KATHURIA B.D.S., M.D.S., F.I.C.O.I. (USA)

Posted on

Your Guide to Permanent Teeth Eruption: Stages, Timeline, and Care Tips

Your Guide to Permanent Teeth Eruption Stages, Timeline, and Care Tips

Losing baby teeth and gaining a full set of permanent teeth is a major milestone, one that signifies a child’s growth into adolescence and beyond.

But unlike a simple swap, this transition is a carefully timed, intricate process dictated by nature.

Understanding when and how permanent teeth emerge can help parents and individuals take better care of their oral health, setting the stage for a lifetime of strong, healthy smiles.

Table of Contents

The Three Stages of Teeth Transition

Teeth don’t just show up all at once. There’s an entire process behind their arrival. This journey can be divided into three main stages:

1. Primary Dentition (Baby Teeth Phase)

This phase begins around six months of age when tiny primary teeth (also called deciduous teeth) start breaking through the gums. By age three, most children have a full set of 20 baby teeth, which play an important role in chewing, speaking, and even guiding the permanent teeth into position later on. These little placeholders may be temporary, but their role in dental development is anything but minor.

2. Mixed Dentition (The Tooth Fairy’s Busy Years: Ages 6–12)

This is where things get interesting. Around age six, the first set of permanent teeth—the “six-year molars”—emerge at the back of the mouth, while the primary front teeth begin making their exit. Over the next several years, a mix of baby and permanent teeth coexist, creating the classic gap-toothed childhood grin. This is also the stage where the roots of primary teeth dissolve, allowing permanent teeth to push through.

3. Permanent Dentition (The Adult Smile: Ages 12 and Beyond)

By the early teenage years, most individuals have lost all their baby teeth, making way for a full set of 28 permanent teeth. Wisdom teeth (third molars) may arrive later, typically between ages 17 and 21—if they decide to make an appearance at all. Some people never develop wisdom teeth, while others may need them removed due to lack of space or alignment issues.

The Timeline – When Do Permanent Teeth Arrive?

While every individual is different, here’s a general roadmap of when you can expect each type of tooth to emerge:

  • 6–7 years: The first permanent molars (six-year molars) and lower central incisors make their debut.
  • 7–8 years: Upper central incisors follow.
  • 8–9 years: The lateral incisors (upper and lower) emerge.
  • 9–11 years: First premolars and lower canines start appearing.
  • 10–12 years: Second premolars and upper canines join the lineup.
  • 11–13 years: The second molars (also called 12-year molars) make their way in.
  • 17–21 years: The wisdom teeth, if they decide to show up, complete the set.

These timelines are estimates, not strict deadlines. Some children may see their teeth arrive earlier or later than average, which is usually no cause for concern.

However, if permanent teeth are significantly delayed, a visit to the dentist can help determine if intervention is needed.

Also Read – When do Permanent Teeth Come in?

Caring for Emerging Permanent Teeth

As new teeth arrive, they need proper care to ensure they stay strong and cavity-free. Here’s how to give them the best start:

1. Brush with Purpose, Not Just Habit

Brushing isn’t just about routine. It’s about technique. Children should use a fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled brush to clean all surfaces of their teeth twice a day. A good rule of thumb? Spend at least two minutes brushing, making sure to reach every nook and cranny.

2. Flossing

Permanent teeth are bigger than baby teeth, which means tighter spaces between them. Flossing removes the plaque and food particles a toothbrush can’t reach, reducing the risk of cavities and gum disease. It should become a daily habit as soon as teeth start touching.

3. Watch Out for Sneaky Sugars

Sugary snacks and acidic drinks can wreak havoc on developing teeth, leading to early cavities. Instead, encourage a diet rich in calcium (found in dairy products, leafy greens, and almonds) and phosphorus (found in eggs, fish, and nuts) to strengthen enamel and promote healthy development.

4. Regular Dental Check-ups

Seeing a dentist every six months allows for early detection of potential issues, such as misalignment, overcrowding, or decay. Early intervention, whether through fluoride treatments, sealants, or orthodontic assessments, can make a world of difference.

5. Guard Those Pearly Whites

If your child plays contact sports, a mouthguard is a small investment that can prevent big dental injuries. Accidents happen, but chipped or knocked-out teeth can often be avoided with the right protective gear.

The Big Picture

The arrival of permanent teeth is more than just a biological event—it’s the bedrock of lifelong dental health. By understanding the eruption process, maintaining good oral hygiene, and addressing potential issues early, you can ensure that these teeth last a lifetime.

Whether you’re guiding a child through this transition or experiencing it yourself, a little knowledge and care go a long way toward keeping that smile healthy and bright.

If you notice anything unusual, such as delayed tooth eruption, excessive crowding, or misaligned teeth, consult a dentist. After all, a well-maintained set of permanent teeth is an investment that pays lifelong dividends.

Written by DR. PUNEET KATHURIA B.D.S., M.D.S., F.I.C.O.I. (USA)